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Unit-II : Non Ferrous Foundry

ALUMINIUM CASTING
Gravity die casting (GDC) or permanent mould casting as the name suggests is a process wherein the liquid metal is poured into metallic moulds without application of any external pressure. The liquid metal enters the cavity by gravity.
Gravity die casting (GDC) is different from High Pressure Die Casting (HPDC), where the liquid metal is injected into the metal mould under very high pressures for production of thin walled: smaller castings with better dimensional accuracy and surface finish. In the design of dies for GDC, usage of "cores" is an important issue. The undercuts and the hollow:
Shapes are produced with the help of additional mould parts called "cores". For simple shapes without any under cuts the metallic cores could be used, whereas for undercuts and complex hollow shapes, which are difficult to retract, sand or plaster of paris cores are employed.
The GDC, process has several advantages. The process is suitable for mass production with better reproduction: dimensional accuracy and surface finish than conventional sand castings. A minimum wall thickness of 3.0 mm can be cast. Exceptionally, 2mm wall thickness is cast over small areas. Castings ranging from few grams to-100 Kgs of Aluminium alloy can be cast.
As the component size and complexity increases the process becomes more expensive and becomes uneconomical. It will also cause difficulty in handling the die and in extracting the casting from the die with reduction in dimensional accuracy and soundness of the casting.
The process has certain disadvantages. Limitation of geometry /size is a main disadvantage, as it is difficult to cast large size highly complex shapes. Beyond a particular shape and size the process becomes uneconomical. It is difficult to attach gates and risers at all desired locations. The casting yield is low when compared to other die casting process In GDC, , the tooling costs are higher than that for sand castings and hence will be uneconomical for smaller production quantities. Tooling modifications can be expensive. Comparison of different casting processes.
- DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION USING SPECIAL PROCESSES FOR
- PATTERN MAKING
- CORES
- INHOUSE SAND CASTING
- INHOUSE TILTING GRAVITY DIE CASTING
- ALUMINIUM BLOCK MACHINING
- SPECIALITY PRODUCTS
- Epoxy Flooring & Controlled Humidity and Temperature in Sand Forming Area
- In house Simulation Software for Mould Flow Analysis
Process A
Process B
Process C
Sand Casting | Gravity Die Casting | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tolerances on Critical Dimensions | Up to 25mm Each Additional cm Across Parting Line Ad. | +/- 1mm | +/·0.4 mm | |||||
+/·0.39 mm | +/-0.02 mm | |||||||
+/- 1mm | +/·0.25mm | |||||||
Minimum Taper | On Inside Walls | 2" | 1" | |||||
On Outside Walls | 2" | 1" | ||||||
Minimum Wall I Thickness | On Small Castings | 3 mm | 1.8 mm ~ 2.5 mm | |||||
On Large Castings | 5 mm | 2.5 mm ~ 4 mm | ||||||
Minimum Size of Cored Hole | 15mm | |||||||
Ability to use Sand Cores | Yes | |||||||
Surface Finish | Poor | Fair | ||||||
6.5 ~ 12 µ | 4 ~ 10 µ | |||||||
Aluminium Alloys used in this form | LM5 | |||||||
LM6 | x | x | ||||||
LM9 | x | x | ||||||
LM16 | x | x | ||||||
LM24 | ||||||||
LM25 | x | x | ||||||
Typical Production Quantities per annum | 1~500 | 250~50000 | ||||||
I Typical Tool Life | 5,000 | 1,00,000 |
Process D
POINTS | Block Machining 1-5 | Sand Casting | Gravity Die Casting |
Quantity Recommended | 2-30 | 30 -100 | |
Material | Ferrous & Non- Ferrous Alloy Combination | Al Alloy Combination | |
Dimensional Accuracy | High | Medium/Low | High |
Thickness (Minimum) | 4-6mm | 3-4mm | |
Surface Finish of Part | As Per Block | Granular(6.3– 12.3 μm Ra) | Excellent(2.5– 3.2 μm Ra) |
Tensile Strength | 276 Mpa | 272 Mpa | 280 Mpa |
Design Change in Production | NA | Best | Moderate |
Lead Time | 2-4 Working Days | 4-5 Weeks | 6-7 Weeks |
Our Expertise - Sand Forming
Our Sand Forms Capability to achieve complex shapes maintaining critical wall thickness up to 2.2mm.
Our Expertise - Metal Casting
- Casting Materials : All Sand casting and GDC grades of Aluminium
- Casting Capacity : 650 x 500 x 300 mm // approx. 20 Kg // CT – 8 Tolerance
- Gravity Die Casting Tool Size : 800MM X 600MMX450MM // GCTG2 to GCTG8
- Continuous Sand Mixing : 3T / Hour // 2 compound
Patent application for special processes is under progress.
Digital Transformation of the metal prototyping industry.
Sr No. | Description | Item Code | Weight in Air - Atmos Sample (gram) | Weight in Water - Atmos Sample (gram) | Weight in Air - Vac Sample (gram) | Weight in Water - Vac Sample (gram) | Density Index | Remark |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | IT | 001 | 68.25 | 42.26 | 67.73 | 40.81 | 4.1903 | sample 1 |
2 | IT | 001 | 75.81 | 46.46 | 76.46 | 41.22 | 15.9999 | sample 2 |
3 | IT | 001 | 53.54 | 32.95 | 74.66 | 41.06 | 14.5471 | sample 3 |
4 | IT | 001 | 69.97 | 43.26 | 77.12 | 45 | 8.3456 | sample 4 |
5 | IT | 001 | 61.62 | 38.2 | 71.03 | 42.73 | 4.6061 | sample 5 |
6 | IT | 001 | 70.17 | 43.46 | 100.71 | 61.93 | 1.1476 | sample 6 |
- PHASE 1 : Maximize the capacity utilization of the existing infrastructure
for Metal casting and increasing the market presence as a RP/LVP supplier - PHASE 2 : Maximize Expertise on the use of 3D printing
for Metal casting- Use of PIN3D RapiCAST and PIN3D MillCAS
- Use of Laser Based Direct Wax 3D Printing
- Use of Silicone Rubber Wax Vacuum Molding
- Use of Direct 3D Printing of patterns with Honeycomb Technology
- PHASE 3 : Add Machining capability
to the existing casting sizes - PHASE 4 : Add new experimental processes and materials / alloys
based on proper due diligence
Challenges
Costs
are an important concern for all Research & Development programs in all industries.
Speed
of product development cycles is thwarted by test sample availability.
No Simulation
can match or replace validation tests performed on real and representative parts.
Import Overdependence
for high complexity metal prototypes.
Panacea
Digital Transformation of the metal prototyping industry
Save Money
during R&D phases
Speed-Up R&D
with fast prototype availability
Iterate
with representative parts in all phases
Import Substitution
by becoming 1st Indian company to introduce new digital processes in metal prototyping & manufacturing locally