Skanda Casting
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Unit-II : Non Ferrous Foundry

About

ALUMINIUM CASTING

Gravity die casting (GDC) or permanent mould casting as the name suggests is a process wherein the liquid metal is poured into metallic moulds without application of any external pressure. The liquid metal enters the cavity by gravity.

Gravity die casting (GDC) is different from High Pressure Die Casting (HPDC), where the liquid metal is injected into the metal mould under very high pressures for production of thin walled: smaller castings with better dimensional accuracy and surface finish. In the design of dies for GDC, usage of "cores" is an important issue. The undercuts and the hollow:

Shapes are produced with the help of additional mould parts called "cores". For simple shapes without any under cuts the metallic cores could be used, whereas for undercuts and complex hollow shapes, which are difficult to retract, sand or plaster of paris cores are employed.

The GDC, process has several advantages. The process is suitable for mass production with better reproduction: dimensional accuracy and surface finish than conventional sand castings. A minimum wall thickness of 3.0 mm can be cast. Exceptionally, 2mm wall thickness is cast over small areas. Castings ranging from few grams to-100 Kgs of Aluminium alloy can be cast.

As the component size and complexity increases the process becomes more expensive and becomes uneconomical. It will also cause difficulty in handling the die and in extracting the casting from the die with reduction in dimensional accuracy and soundness of the casting.

The process has certain disadvantages. Limitation of geometry /size is a main disadvantage, as it is difficult to cast large size highly complex shapes. Beyond a particular shape and size the process becomes uneconomical. It is difficult to attach gates and risers at all desired locations. The casting yield is low when compared to other die casting process In GDC, , the tooling costs are higher than that for sand castings and hence will be uneconomical for smaller production quantities. Tooling modifications can be expensive. Comparison of different casting processes.

  • DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION USING SPECIAL PROCESSES FOR
    • PATTERN MAKING
    • CORES
  • INHOUSE SAND CASTING
  • INHOUSE TILTING GRAVITY DIE CASTING
  • ALUMINIUM BLOCK MACHINING
  • SPECIALITY PRODUCTS
    • Epoxy Flooring & Controlled Humidity and Temperature in Sand Forming Area
    • In house Simulation Software for Mould Flow Analysis
Shape Shape

Process A

Process B

Process C

Sand Casting Gravity Die Casting
Tolerances on Critical Dimensions Up to 25mm Each Additional cm Across Parting Line Ad. +/- 1mm +/·0.4 mm
+/·0.39 mm +/-0.02 mm
  +/- 1mm   +/·0.25mm
Minimum Taper On Inside Walls 2" 1"
On Outside Walls 2" 1"
Minimum Wall I   Thickness On Small Castings 3 mm 1.8 mm ~ 2.5 mm
On Large Castings 5 mm 2.5 mm ~ 4 mm
Minimum Size of Cored Hole 15mm  
Ability to use Sand Cores Yes  
Surface Finish Poor Fair
6.5 ~ 12 µ 4 ~ 10 µ
Aluminium Alloys used in this form LM5    
LM6 x x
LM9 x x
LM16 x x
LM24    
LM25 x x
Typical Production Quantities per annum 1~500 250~50000
I         Typical Tool Life 5,000 1,00,000

Process D

POINTS Block  Machining 1-5 Sand Casting Gravity Die  Casting
Quantity  Recommended 2-30 30 -100
Material   Ferrous & Non-  Ferrous Alloy  Combination Al Alloy  Combination
Dimensional  Accuracy High Medium/Low High
Thickness  (Minimum)   4-6mm 3-4mm
Surface Finish  of Part As Per Block Granular(6.3– 12.3 μm Ra) Excellent(2.5– 3.2 μm Ra)
Tensile  Strength 276 Mpa 272 Mpa 280 Mpa
Design Change  in Production NA Best Moderate
Lead Time 2-4 Working  Days 4-5 Weeks 6-7 Weeks

SAND CASTING & TILTING GDC

Sand Casting
Tilting GDC
Proto Gears
Skanda TM Process
Block Machining
Block Machining
Group Activities - Metal

Our Expertise - Sand Forming

Our Sand Forms Capability to achieve complex shapes maintaining critical wall thickness up to 2.2mm.

Our Expertise - Metal Casting

Degassing Unit
Melting Furnace
Sand Mixer
Tilting GDC Machine
  • Casting Materials : All Sand casting and GDC grades of Aluminium
  • Casting Capacity : 650 x 500 x 300 mm // approx. 20 Kg // CT – 8 Tolerance
  • Gravity Die Casting Tool Size : 800MM X 600MMX450MM // GCTG2 to GCTG8
  • Continuous Sand Mixing : 3T / Hour // 2 compound
Porosity Control Equipment
Porosity Control Equipment

Patent application for special processes is under progress.

CAD
Conventional process
Casting
Prototype

Digital Transformation of the metal prototyping industry.

CAD
Digital Transformation (10-12 Days)
Casting
Prototype

Tilting Gravity Die Casting process replaces manual workmanship with computable & automated process.

Advantages

  • Stable process with automation levels
  • Excellent reproducibility
  • Homogeneous casting structures
  • Significantly reduced porosity
  • Lower wall thicknesses possible

Sr No. Description Item Code Weight in Air - Atmos Sample (gram) Weight in Water - Atmos Sample (gram) Weight in Air - Vac Sample (gram) Weight in Water - Vac Sample (gram) Density Index Remark
1 IT 001 68.25 42.26 67.73 40.81 4.1903 sample 1
2 IT 001 75.81 46.46 76.46 41.22 15.9999 sample 2
3 IT 001 53.54 32.95 74.66 41.06 14.5471 sample 3
4 IT 001 69.97 43.26 77.12 45 8.3456 sample 4
5 IT 001 61.62 38.2 71.03 42.73 4.6061 sample 5
6 IT 001 70.17 43.46 100.71 61.93 1.1476 sample 6

  • PHASE 1 : Maximize the capacity utilization of the existing infrastructure
    for Metal casting and increasing the market presence as a RP/LVP supplier
  • PHASE 2 : Maximize Expertise on the use of 3D printing
    for Metal casting
    • Use of PIN3D RapiCAST and PIN3D MillCAS
    • Use of Laser Based Direct Wax 3D Printing
    • Use of Silicone Rubber Wax Vacuum Molding
    • Use of Direct 3D Printing of patterns with Honeycomb Technology
  • PHASE 3 : Add Machining capability
    to the existing casting sizes
  • PHASE 4 : Add new experimental processes and materials / alloys
    based on proper due diligence
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Challenges

Costs

are an important concern for all Research & Development programs in all industries.

Speed

of product development cycles is thwarted by test sample availability.

No Simulation

can match or replace validation tests performed on real and representative parts.

Import Overdependence

for high complexity metal prototypes.

shape shape

Panacea

Digital Transformation of the metal prototyping industry

Save Money

during R&D phases

Speed-Up R&D

with fast prototype availability

Iterate

with representative parts in all phases

Import Substitution

by becoming 1st Indian company to introduce new digital processes in metal prototyping & manufacturing locally